Book Name: The Sword And The Shield
Writer: Christopher Andrew & Vasili Mitrokhin
To most Americans, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. represent contrasting ideals: self-
defense vs. nonviolence, black power vs. civil rights, the sword vs. the shield.
The struggle for black freedom is wrought with the same contrasts. While nonviolent direct action
is remembered as an unassailable part of American democracy
, the movement’s militancy is either vilified or erased outright.
In The Sword and the Shield, Peniel E. Joseph upends these misconceptions and reveals
a nuanced portrait of two men who, despite markedly different backgrounds, inspired
and pushed each other throughout their adult lives. This is a strikingly revisionist biography,
not only of Malcolm and Martin but also of the movement and era they came to define.
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